Kua kitea tonutia te whanaketanga o te hangarau oro-mataora hauora, ā, kei te whai wāhi nui tonu ia ki te tātaritanga me te rongoā i ngā tūroro. Ko te whanaketanga o te hangarau oro-mataora e ahu mai ana i tētahi hītori whakamīharo e neke atu ana i te 225 tau te roa. Kei roto i tēnei haerenga ngā takoha a te tini tāngata o te ao, tae atu ki te tangata me te kararehe.
Me tūhuratia te hītori o te ultrasound, kia mārama ai me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā ngaru oro hei taputapu tātaritanga nui i roto i ngā whare hauora me ngā hōhipera o te ao.
Ngā Tīmatanga o te Echolocation me te Ultrasound
Ko tētahi pātai e tino pārekareka ana, ko wai te tuatahi i hanga i te taputapu ultrasound? E kiia ana ko te tohunga koiora Itari, a Lazzaro Spallanzani, te tangata i tīmata i te whakamātautau ultrasound.
He tohunga tinana, he ahorangi, he tohunga hoki a Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799), ā, he maha āna whakamātautau i tino pā ki te ako i te koiora i roto i te tangata me te kararehe.
I te tau 1794, i rangahau a Spallanzani i ngā pekapeka, ā, i kitea e ia he oro tā rātou whakatere, kaua ko te tirohanga, he tukanga e mōhiotia ana i nāianei ko te echolocation. Ko te echolocation ko te kimi i ngā mea mā te whakaata i ngā ngaru oro mai i a rātou, he mātāpono e tautoko ana i te hangarau ultrasound hauora hou.
Ngā Whakamātautau Ultrasound o Mua
I roto i te pukapuka a Gerald Neuweiler *Bat Biology*, ka kōrerotia e ia ngā whakamātautau a Spallanzani ki ngā ruru, kāore i taea te rere i te pōuri me te kore he pūtake mārama. Heoi, i te wā i whakahaerehia ai taua whakamātautau anō ki ngā pekapeka, ka rere maia rātou i roto i te rūma, me te karo i ngā arai ahakoa i roto i te pōuri rawa.
I whakahaerehia e Spallanzani ngā whakamātautau i reira i matapo ai ia i ngā pekapeka mā te whakamahi i ngā "ngira werawera," engari i haere tonu rātou ki te karo i ngā arai. I whakatauhia e ia tēnei nā te mea he pere kei ngā pito o ngā waea. I kitea anō e ia i te wā i āraia ai e ia ngā taringa o ngā pekapeka ki ngā ngongo parahi kua kati, ka ngaro te kaha ki te whakatere tika, ā, ka whakatau ia he whakawhirinaki ngā pekapeka ki te oro mō te whakatere.
Ahakoa kāore a Spallanzani i te mōhio ko ngā oro i puta mai i ngā pekapeka he mea hei ārahi i te tangata, ā, kāore e taea te whakarongo, he tika tana whakatau he taringa ngā taringa o ngā pekapeka hei kite i te taiao e karapoti ana i a rātou.
Te Whanaketanga o te Hangarau Ultrasound me ōna Painga Hauora
Whai muri i te mahi matatau a Spallanzani, i hanga e ētahi atu he hononga ki āna kitenga. I te tau 1942, ko te tohunga roro a Carl Dusik te tuatahi ki te whakamahi i te ultrasound hei taputapu tātaritanga, e ngana ana ki te tuku i ngā ngaru ultrasound mā roto i te angaanga tangata hei kimi i ngā pukupuku roro. Ahakoa he wāhanga tōmua tēnei o te sonography hauora tātaritanga, i whakaatuhia te kaha nui o tēnei hangarau kore-whakaeke.
I ēnei rā, kei te whanake tonu te hangarau oro-ā-ringa, me te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga o ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga. Nō nā tata nei, nā te whanaketanga o ngā matawai oro-ā-ringa kawe kua taea ai te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau i roto i ngā momo wāhanga me ngā taumata tiaki tūroro.
At Yonkermed, e whakahīhī ana mātou ki te whakarato i te ratonga kaihoko pai rawa atu. Mena he kaupapa motuhake kei te hiahia koe ki te ako atu, ki te pānui rānei, tēnā koa whakapā mai!
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio ki te kaituhi, tēnāpāwhiri ki konei
Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te whakapā mai ki a mātou, tēnā koapāwhiri ki konei
Ngā mihi nui,
Te Tīma Yonkermed
infoyonkermed@yonker.cn
https://www.yonkermed.com/
Wā tuku: 29 o Ākuhata-2024
