Ngā Pūnaha Ultrasound – Te Kite i te Mea Kāore e Kitea mā te whakamahi i ngā Ngaru Oro

Kua hurihia e te hangarau oro-ā-ringa hou ngā whakaahua hauora mai i ngā pikitia tinana tūmau ki ngā aromatawai mahi hihiri, me te kore he irahiko ionizing. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te ahupūngao, ngā tono haumanu, me ngā auahatanga hou i roto i te oro-ā-ringa tātaritanga.

Ngā Mātāpono Ā-tinana
Ka mahi te ultrasound hauora i ngā auau 2-18MHz. Ka hurihia e te pānga piezoelectric te pūngao hiko hei wiri miihini i roto i te transducer. Ka whakatikatikahia te utu whakanui-wā (TGC) mō te whakaiti i te hohonu (0.5-1 dB/cm/MHz). Ka whakawhirinaki te taumira tuaka ki te roanga ngaru (λ = c/f), ko te taumira taha e pā ana ki te whānui o te hihi.

Te Wātaka Whanaketanga

• 1942: Te tono hauora tuatahi a Karl Dussik (whakaahua roro)
• 1958: I whakawhanakehia e Ian Donald te ultrasound obstetric
• 1976: Mā ngā kaitahuri matawai anaro ka taea te whakaahua hina-tauine
• 1983: I whakaurua mai te Color Doppler e Namekawa rāua ko Kasai
• 2012: I whakaaetia e te FDA ngā taputapu iti-pukoro tuatahi

Ngā Huarahi Hauora

1. Aratau-B
   Whakaahua hina taketake me te taumira ā-wāhi ki raro ki te 0.1mm
2. Ngā Tikanga Doppler

• Te Tātari Tae: Te mahere tere (te rohe Nyquist 0.5-2m/s)
• Power Doppler: 3-5 ngā wā ka nui ake te aro ki te rere puhoi
• Spectral Doppler: E ine ana i te kaha o te stenosis (ko ngā ōwehenga PSV >2 e tohu ana i te >50% stenosis carotid)

3. Ngā Tikanga Matatau

• Elastography (Ko te pakari o te ate >7.1kPa e tohu ana i te fibrosis F2)
• Te orooro whakarei ake i te rerekētanga (ngā mirumiru iti SonoVue)
• Whakaahua 3D/4D (ka tutuki i a Voluson E10 te taumira voxel 0.3mm)

Ngā Taupānga Hou

• Ultrasound Arotahi (FUS)
  • Te tango i te wera (85% o te oranga mō ngā tau e 3 i roto i te wiri nui)
  • Te whakatuwheratanga o te arai toto-roro mō te maimoatanga o te mate a Alzheimer
• Te Whakamātautau-ā-Wāhi Tiaki (POCUS)
  • Whakamātautau FAST (98% te aro ki te hemoperitoneum)
  • Ngā raina-B o te ultrasound o ngā pūkahukahu (93% te tika mō te pupuhi pūkahukahu)

Ngā Rohe Auaha

1. Hangarau CMUT
   Mā ngā transducers ultrasonic micromachined capacitive ka taea te whakamahi i te whānuitanga whānui (3-18MHz) me te whānuitanga haurua 40%.
2. Whakaurunga AI

• Ka whakaratohia e Samsung S-Shearwave ngā inenga elastography e ārahitia ana e te AI
• E whakaatu ana te tātaitanga EF aunoa i te hononga 0.92 ki te MRI ngākau

3. Huringa Ringaringa
   E whakamahi ana a Butterfly iQ+ i ngā huānga MEMS e 9000 i roto i te hoahoa maramara-kotahi, ā, ko te taumaha he 205g noa iho.
4. Ngā tono rongoā
   Ka tangohia ngā pukupuku mā te histotripsy, kāore e taea te werohanga, mā te whakamahi i te cavitation acoustic (ngā whakamātautau haumanu mō te mate pukupuku ate).

Ngā Wero Hangarau

• Te whakatikatika i te rerekētanga o te wāhanga i roto i ngā tūroro momona
• Te hōhonutanga o te urunga iti (15cm i te 3MHz)
• Ngā rauropi whakaiti haruru speckle
• Ngā arai ture mō ngā pūnaha tātaritanga e hangai ana ki te AI

Kei te hurihia te mākete orooro o te ao ($8.5B i te tau 2023) e ngā pūnaha kawe, e 35% o ngā hoko inaianei. Me ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te whakaahua tino-taumira (te tiro i ngā oko toto 50μm) me ngā tikanga whakaata io, kei te haere tonu te orooro ki te tautuhi anō i ngā rohe o ngā tātaritanga kore-whakaeke.